Sunday, January 26, 2020
System Requirements for Electric System for Car Rental
System Requirements for Electric System for Car Rental 1. Introduction XYZ is a car rental company located in Saudi Arabia, and has branches in all major cities. XYZ main business line is to provide rental service of small civilian cars for individuals. XYZ is planning to expand its business and to approach larger customer base by allowing customers to book from online. Also XYZ needs to automate its current paperwork processes to reduce the operation cost and increase the control over its processes. Document Purpose The purpose of this document is to describe business requirements of an Application completely, accurately and unambiguously in Technology-independent manner. All attempts have been made in using mostly business terminology and business language while describing the requirements in this document. Minimal and commonly understood Technical terminology is used. Use case approach is used in modeling the business requirements in this document Intended Audience The main intended audience for this document are the business owners of Osteoporosis Surveillance system. They must be able to verify that their business requirements have been documented here completely, accurately and unambiguously. As such, the audience can be summarized as follows: Scope Diagram: To be done by later. Project Scope: Project scope is to: Develop Major Modules Develop Web-based Application, which contains the following: Renting Car Module: This module be concerned with managing Rent and return car by customer and concerning with payment rent fees and its related penalties if violation happened. Repairing Car Module: This module be concerned with managing and tracking car repairing during its operation. Insuring Car Module: This module be concerned with managing and tracking car insurance period and coverage. Disposing a Car Module: This module be concerned with managing disposing cars and using its spare parts for other cars. Customer Car Rent Module: This module be concerned with allow public customer to rent car over his account. Develop smart phone Application, which contains the following: Customer Car Rent Module: This module be concerned with allow public customer to rent car over his account. Integrate with the following points: Financial System: The Electronic System for Car Rent (ESCR) should integrate with Financial System by send all transaction of create new contract, penalties, Income, disposing, or repairing car by credit or deposit car balance in financial system using XML posting transaction Any financial transaction whither credit (e.g., renting fees) or debit (e.g., maintenance fees) must be all communicated to the financial system. Insurance Company: The ESCR should integrate with should integrate with Insurance system to renew car insurance contract using XML posting transaction Government Traffic violation System: The ESCR should integrate with Traffic system to retrieve all traffic violation tickets on XYZ Company cars in order to collect the violation ticket fees from customer using XML posting transaction. Payment Gateway: The ESCR should integrate with third party payment gateway to collect car rent fees over with SADAD, Credit Card and PayPal channels. SMS Gateway: The ESCR should integrate with third party SMS gateway to send SMS notification generated by system to customer. Email Gateway: The ESCR should integrate with email gateway to send SMS notification generated by system to customer. The user interface must support the following web browsers: Internet Explorer v8 v10 Google Chrome v33, and v32 (Latest 2 versions). Ability to add (Migrate) current cars information. Data retention policy is to keep only last 3 years data in the system, any other older data is to be archived on tapes on yearly basis. Email system and SMS gateway supposed availability is 24/7/365. Stakeholders Stakeholders measures provides a clear definition of each stakeholder of the Use case and functionality, what do every stakeholder or get from the functionalities, why do each stakeholder care if feature works or nor, and how do each stakeholder measure success/failure of the feature? Definitions, Acronyms, and Abbreviations References Business Case ââ¬â XYZ Company Electronic System for Car Rental Document. General Constraints This subsection of the SRS should provide a general description of any other items that will limit the developerââ¬â¢s options for designing the system. Assumptions and Dependencies This subsection of the SRS should list each of the factors that affect the requirements stated in the SRS. These factors are not design constraints on the software but are, rather, any changes to them that can affect the requirements in the SRS. Specific Requirements This part of SRS will be the largest and most important section of the SRS. The customer requirements will be embodied because they will be used to guide the projectââ¬â¢s software design, implementation, and testing. External Interface Requirements (Integration Points) Functional Requirements This section describes specific features of the software project. If desired, some requirements may be specified in the use-case format and listed in the Use Cases Section. Traceability Matrix The purpose of the traceability matrix is to link requirements, design specifications, and validation. Traceability among these activities and documents is essential. Traceability matrix acts as a map, providing the links necessary for determining where information is located System Processes: Customer Registration Process: Process Description: Customer access ESCR application through browser or smartphone application. Customer selects to create new account on ESCR. System requests customer to fill his required information which is: customer name customer mobile number customer email address reference person name reference person mobile number Customer (Citizen) ID The system validates the filled data then save new create account request in system with New State. The Request goes to Riyadh Branch Manager to approve request upon verification. In case the Riyadh Branch Manager approved the request system will create new account in system and inform user to email that his request has been approved and system should send generated password and use his email as username. In case the Riyadh Branch Manager Reject account request he should fill reason of rejection then system will send email to user with apology email with reason of rejection and he is able to request create account (Step1). Customer Registration Wireframes: Please view wireframe in paper Customer Registration Use Cases UC1.1Register New Account Use Case: Actor: Customer (anonymous User) Description: This use case concerned with allowing anonymous user to register as Car Rent Customer. Priority: High Trigger: Anonymous User access system home page (Web or by smart phone) Precondition: N/A Normal Flow: The actor selects to Create new Account in ESCR. The system response by prompt user to fill account information which are: customer name customer mobile number customer email address reference person name reference person mobile number Customer (Citizen) ID The actor fills fields: customer name customer mobile number customer email address reference person name reference person mobile number Customer (Citizen) ID The actor selects to create new account. The system validates filled information. The system creates new account in system with New state and prompt user with the following message ââ¬Å"Dear Customer thank you for registering in ESCR, your account will be validated, please wait till notification sent to your email.â⬠Alternative Flow: In case the user did not fill required fields (Message appear) In case the email format is wrong (Message appear) In case already exist email (Message appear) â⬠¦.. (all cases should be filled) Sub Flow: N/A Rules: Email should be unique in system Citizen ID should be unique in system. Data Dictionary: SoQ: N/A Renting Car Process: Renting Process: Process Description: From ESCR website or through its smartphone app, the customer can select the car and book it directly as well as submitting his payment. The customer has 2 option ether to login from first step or to login upon payment step. The customer needs to login into the system The Customer selects to specify the rental duration, then selects available cars. [Please view Note 1 below]. The system should calculate the fees and applies the discount (if applicable and based on the customer information) [Please view Note 2 below]. The customer will be requested to make the payment electronically (SADAD, Credit Cards or PayPal). [Please view Note 3 below]. Once the customer paid the fees, system should display the receipt to the customer and should send a copy of the receipt to the customerââ¬â¢s email. The receipt should have all the contract details, which is: The customer information the car information copy of the car insurance contract the payment information Map/address of the branch where the car is located. The fees and a reference to the contract are required to be communicated to the financial system in a timely manner. Note1: Available car means any car in branch did not has any of the following cases: Car in rent duration with customer Car in reaping workshop Car Disposed Insurance contract expired unless it status in renewed.(any car should not rented to customer if the insurance contract not issued for example the expiry date is 1 March., then not car will not be available for rent from 1 March. till contract is renewed it will be back to be available) Note2: The discount should be calculated as follows: Students: 5% Senior (older than 50 years): 10% Returned Customer: 15% More than 7 days: 10% More than 7 days and return customer 25% Student and returned customer: %20 People with disabilities: 15% People with disabilities, senior, and returned customer: 20% People with disabilities, senior, returned customer, and more than 7 days: 25% People with disabilities, student, returned customer, and more than 7 days: 25% People with disabilities, and student: 20% Note3: Note that the customer can cancel the operation at any time before making the payment. Return Car Process: Description: Once the Customer return the car the Branch manager check for the following: traffic violation (in case found the customer should pay the amount) rental duration(The customer should be charged a penalty of 100$ for each exceeded day) car issues (in case issue happened the customer should pay penalty as below: Body Scratch à ¯Ãâà 10$ Window or Mirror Broken à ¯Ãâà 100$ Total Loss à ¯Ãâà 10000$ Accident but car still working à ¯Ãâà 1000$ Other à ¯Ãâà 1500$ Distance (the customer should be charged for extra distance exceeded the 100 Km per day limit, as 3$ per Km) Repairing Car Process: When car is returned the system should check if car last maintenance reaches 30 days or if the car exceeded 5,000 Km since the last time it has been repaired (whichever comes first). The branch manager should send the car to the maintenance workshop Once the maintenance is done Branch Manager should upload the maintenance details and the invoices into the car record in the system. Fees are required to be communicated to the financial system in a timely manner. The car should be not available for rental during the maintenance period. Issuing Car Process: The system will keep track of the expiry date of the car insurance contract, In case the car issue is about to expire (15 Days) system will send a notification to the branch manager. The branch manager from the system, will renew the contract using integration with insurance system and submit the payment electronically (SADAD, Credit Card or PayPal). The system will update the car record with the expiry date and insurance contract details. The insurance fees will to be communicated to the financial system in a timely manner. Disposing a Car Process: The system must keep track of all the cars, and once a car is 5 years old since the manufacturing date an email notification must be sent to the branch manager. The car must be removed automatically from the system. Disposed cars should be used a spare parts for other cars. And the income made from selling the car is required to be communicated to the financial system in a timely manner. Non-Functional Requirements Performance Reliability Availability Security Maintainability Portability Design Constraints Logical Database Requirements Other Requirements Analysis Models Sequence Diagrams Data Flow Diagrams (DFD) State-Transition Diagrams (STD) Change Management Process Appendices Appendix 1 Appendix 2
Saturday, January 18, 2020
Letter to Local Planning Authorities from an Entrepreneurial Farmer
1.1 Introduction to myself and reason for proposal. My name is MR Michael Christou and I live and work at Moatlow Farm (GR 156 538). Farming in my area is becoming increasingly difficult. This is due to poor soil and the harsh climate. Also I am receiving much less income because of increase in cost of keeping my live stock and the decrease in their value at market. 1.2 Please consider the above details when reviewing my proposals. (The following) 2.0 General explanation of my proposals (Of which there are three) 2.1 Development of out buildings into holiday accommodation. Firstly I propose to make the appropriate alterations to some of my unused outbuildings. If I do so I will be able to accommodate tourists consequently earning a little extra income to pay for the keeping of my animals and giving tourists a quality experience of the peak district area, which will bring more money into the area and community. 2.2 Restriction of certain foot paths during lambing season. My second proposal is that the public footpaths which cut through my land are closed for the period of time when the lambs are at a stage where if they are disturbed they are easily scared because this leads to them growing to be unhealthy. Although I agree that the general public has the right to be able to experience this scenic and peaceful environment, but if they carry on passing through my fields as regularly and in the great numbers that they do then, especially during lambing season, my income and the role I play within the community will be impaired. 2.3 The replacement of dry stone walls with easier maintainable fencing. Being a hard working farmer I strive at putting 100% into my work knowing the more time I put in the more I get out, but an everlasting problem of tourists damaging and myself having to repair or pay for damaged dry stone walls is becoming somewhat of a hindrance. Also the more time I put into repairing the dry stone walls the less time I have for real work this is why I suggest that the majority of the walls are replaced by cheaper, easier to maintain fencing. 3.0 Evidence and ideas to support my plan. 3.1 Evidence and ideas concerning out building development. There are an extremely large number of visitors every year to Dovedale and the peak district area; this is where the local community gains its income to be able to support itself. It is inevitable that if an extra place for a family to stay is provided people will take that opportunity. If accommodation is provided for 2 or 3 families then it would be an extra 2 or 3 families in the local area which means not only I receive much needed extra income but the whole community will benefit. The simple reason being that those two or three families will be spending their in the shops, paying to use the facilities and paying to visit the attractions in the area. 3.2 Evidence and ideas concerning the closure of certain foot paths at certain times. Changing the routes during busy season is in favor of what the P.R officer is proposing and also it would be a great benefit to my self. 3.3 Evidence and ideas concerning the replacement of dry stone walls with easy maintenance fencing. People in opposition to this proposal would argue that the removal of the dry stone walls would be the removal of a natural beauty; but the walls are not natural, man put them there. But that is not my point/argument just fact. I agree that the removal of all of the dry stone walling would be the removal of something which I believe symbolizes English countryside, culture and heritage. But I am not asking that all the walls are removed/destroyed just the ones that surround my land and nearby farms. This would be barely noticeable to the general public but would make a significant difference to myself and my work. If the walls are left there I will have to continue repairing them after visitors have damaged them which is either time consuming, expensive or both. If it is not possible at any point for me to make a repair to the wall then holes form meaning my animals can escape easily consequently getting lost or injuring themselves costing me even more money. Also the lime stone can be used again for things such as repairing other walls, strengthening/repairing foot paths instead of scaring the scenery by digging for it. In short it is been re-cycled, beneficial to the local community. 4.0 Justification of my proposals in comparison to those of the parish council and the public relations officer. 4.1 Why the parish councils proposal will not benefit the community. (1) The car parks are to be made by the laying of tarmac. If this is to be done then extreme disturbance of the local area will occur, e.g. the heavy plant machinery will make such noise and will take up space there fore the area will have to be closed to visitors during construction other wise extreme disorder would occur. This closure to tourists, even for a short time would kill most of the communities' peoples income. (11) The cost of visiting the area for most people is far from cheep then on top of that when visitors arrive the parish council wants to charge them for parking their car. The tourists already provide a large percentage of our income to charge them for things such as parking would almost be exploiting them! After all they do have as much right to experience this environment as we do. 4.2 Justification of my proposals contâ⬠¦ Why the public relations officers proposals will not benefit the community (1) The proposal of putting information boards around the area to help give visitors awareness of what they are doing to our area will benefit the area in no way what so ever. My reason for believing this is that I believe that the people who take out the time and show interest in these information boards saying ââ¬ËDon't drop litter' and ââ¬Ëthe country code' etc are the people who would have thought to respect our environment in the 1st place. Consequently the boards are a waste of money. (Money which is donated by the local community) (11) Making alternative footpaths out of hard wearing footpaths i.e. tarmac would have the same negative effect on the community as explained in section 4.1 (1). Whereas if you (the committee) were to accept my proposals the lime stone from the walls would be crushed and used to make hard wearing, natural looking footpaths. 4.3 The afore mentioned proposals of the P.R officer and the parish council would both have a negative effect on the community and would just cause a great hassle. My proposals have been carefully planned to have a positive effect on the community, whilst making the role I play within the community more focused. 5.0 In conclusion: Please consider all of the facts and think about how our community is going to benefit the most. I am confident that once you have done this you will decide that my proposals are going to have the most positive effect on the future development and future in general of our community, and there fore should be put into place.
Friday, January 10, 2020
New Questions About English Article Answered and Why You Must Read Every Word of This Report
New Questions About English Article Answered and Why You Must Read Every Word of This Report After that, ask yourself whether the author explains the purpose of their persuasive factors. Consequently, each example demonstrates the suitable use of the important analysis of the literature and evaluates the aim of the author. For example, the writer indicates the reader in different parts of the article by suggesting examples in specific paragraph numbers. He also makes a powerful impact with the use of quotes embedded into the text. The text is organized in the shape of narration. On the flip side, an analysis is the breakdown of the author's arguments which you use to derive the function of the author. Thus, you create an argumentative approach to the viewpoint of the author. For understanding the text it's important to be aware of the value of language in society. Articles are actually just a particular sort of adjective. Sometimes a post modifies a noun that's also modified by an adjective. In most cases, it is the first word of its noun phrase, preceding all other adjectives and modifiers. Again, the indefinite article indicates that she's not referring to a particular apple pie. If you want to learn more about them, take a look at the references section below. For instance, if you're giving or asking for information, you might want to use direct, in place of humorous, language. One of the greatest approaches to acquire excellent rankings for certain key terms or phrases is to incorporate them in t he text in some specific places and a particular number of times. The totally free practice test is a perfect way for those learners to find the appropriate idea of their understanding and expertise. The English Article Game Let's begin by viewing the definite article. The restaurant wasn't very clean. 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Report Topics Following are distinct varieties of article topics for the students that are categorized in sections so you can easily pick the topic in accordance with your need and requirement. Articles narrate the personal feelings of the author on a specific subject. English Article The information is going to be shared with a number of foreign buyers and sellers. Also a lot women wear out their jeans at the back of the cuff hem so in the event that you let it down you locate a huge hole or gap free of material. Article marketing could pull in more people to look closely at your organization and the company solutions. The goal isn't business first, but it might allow you to promote your merchandise. Choosing English Article Is Simple The decline of a single language and the rise of another isn't new. English reading practice is essential if you would like to enhance your English reading abilities. Quit thinking that you're learning English that will cause you to get nervo us, think that you're speaking English that will make you a lot more confident. Likewise don't neglect to look at the remainder of our other lessons listed on Learn English. Top English Article Secrets The use of what it is that you are writing will influence the tone and the language you should use. Additionally, there are detectors that can be found in places where the faculty enters the school. You take pleasure in the beauty of nature free of charge. Exposing students to a broad range of learning styles will allow them to become more flexible learners. The Chronicles of English Article For them great thoughts and very good character is essential. The reality is that human beings are created of body and soul. Flexibility of function has grown over the previous five centuries as an effect of the loss of inflections. A good example of a weekly language target may be to memorise five idioms that are relevant to the body. The last and the main issue is to learn what's im portant and unimportant on the planet. The most frequent mistake is state. Just ensure that it is something which you require, not just something which you desire in the brief term. The issue is in the simple fact that Aum Shinrikyo was among the few havens for such folks.
Wednesday, January 1, 2020
The Causes of Global Warming and Its Effects on the...
The Causes of Global Warming and Its Effects on the Environment Global warming has been a hot topic for many years and the climatological phenomenon was the subject of 2006s An Inconvenient Truth. The documentary focuses on Al Gores campaign to bring attention to the problem of global warming through a slide presentation that he has developed and lectured on around the world. This documentary brought to light global warming and the effects that it is having on the environment. Global warming is caused by greenhouse gasses getting trapped within the Earths atmosphere. Greenhouse gasses are produced in a variety of ways such as through the combustion of fossil fuels, by factories, and through the production of electricity. While the main component of greenhouse gasses in the atmosphere is carbon dioxide, other greenhouse gasses include methane that is released from landfills and agriculture, nitrous oxide that comes from fertilizer, and gases that are used for refrigeration and other industrial processes. Deforestation is also a major contributor to the increase of greenhouse gasses in the atmosphere; because there are fewer trees to convert carbon dioxide into oxygen, the level of carbon dioxide will naturally increase and accumulate in the atmosphere. These greenhouse gasses accumulate in the atmosphere and over time, will cause the Earths temperature to rise. These higher temperatures have an adverse effect on the environment and can cause things both ecologicalShow MoreRelatedThe Effects of Global Warming on the Earth990 Words à |à 4 PagesGlobal Warming Earthââ¬â¢s temperature is a vital aspect to Earth and its surroundings. The atmospheric temperature along with natural gases is the significant reasons why Earth inhabits all of its life. When there are changes that alter the natural affects of Earthââ¬â¢s environment there are factors that places the environment at risk. Increase warming of global temperatures account as a major concern of Earthââ¬â¢s surroundings. Global warming is a prominent source to consider how and why the environmentRead MoreSave the Earth and Save Life Essay1102 Words à |à 5 Pages Gabrielle and Sir David King). Global warming is affecting not only polar bears but also many other species that are going extinct. Habitats are destroyed and islands are invaded by the sea water, slowly sinking. Every living thing and environment on this earth is affected by global warming. However, many decide to ignore such facts and choose to believe that global warming will positively effects the earth, rather t han destroying the it. 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The global warming and climate change do not only affect peopleââ¬â¢s health and nature but also the economy forcing people to invent ways in order to reduce the negative impact of this natural catastrophe. This paper will describe the nature of global warming, as well as the basic causes and effects of this continuous rise of the Earthââ¬â¢s
Tuesday, December 24, 2019
The Bystander Effect Of An Emergency Situation - 882 Words
The bystander effect is when an individual will be discouraged from intervening in an emergency situation due to the presence of others. There are many reasons why we help people in emergency situations and these reasons include evolution, modelling and social norms. We also consider the rewards and exchange. Evolution shows that we are biologically predisposed to help others. We have a preference for helping blood relatives because this increases the chance for the helperââ¬â¢s gene to pass on to successive generations. However, there is no empirical evidence to prove this. Evolution also doesnââ¬â¢t explain why people help in some circumstances but fail to help in others. Modelling shows that we learn through observing other peoples behaviour and this was demonstrated in Banduras Social Learning Theory. In this experiment Bandura placed children in rooms with a model. In one condition the model would just play with toys and in the other condition the model would attack a bobo doll. When the children were left alone in the rooms the results showed that they would imitate behaviours they had previously seen displayed by the model (aggressive/non aggressive.) This shows that we can learn new behaviours by observing models. Another study conducted by Rushton and Campbell (1977) showed a confederate engaging with a participant in a friendly social interaction. They were then left in the lab together and passed people asking for blood donations. When the confederate was askedShow MoreRelatedBystander Effect : A Social And Psychological Phenomenon1655 Words à |à 7 PagesThe bystander effect is both a social and psychological phenomenon in which an individ ualââ¬â¢s inclination towards showing helping behaviours are minimised by the influence of other people. Research has found that the more people acting as bystanders in a situation, the less likely it is that helping behaviours will be demonstrated. However in the correct conditions, where conditioned cues increase self-awareness, it is possible to reverse the bystander effect phenomenon. The bystander effect is prevalentRead MoreSocial Psychologists : Bystander Effect1446 Words à |à 6 Pages The term used by social psychologists ââ¬â bystander effect or bystander apathy may answer the question what makes people to ignore others in need of help, and why? The bystander effect is a phenomenon in which people are less likely to assist another individual in an emergency situation when other individuals or bystanders are present (Schneider, Coutts, Gruman, 2013). In theoretical and practical sense, bystander effect plays important role in understanding the helping behaviour helpRead MoreGenovese Syndrome: Are You a Bystander?1177 Words à |à 5 PagesBystanders can easily found in real life such as, they can be found in the places like at work, school, on the roads, and other places involving many people. These circumstances arenââ¬â¢t simply ignoring the situation, but their unconscious psychology plays a big role in how they react to an emergency. In this situation, people think someone else can provide help, so that, this results in people remain as the spectators. This phenomenon is called bystander effect, and this is if more witnesses are inRead MoreBystander Effect Essay1637 Words à |à 7 Pages Bystander or Bodyguard: An Examination of Who Helps and Who Does Not A bystander, according to Michael Websterââ¬â¢s New World College Dictionary, is an individual who is present in a given situation, but is not involved (Agnes, 2001). The word bystander does not always have a negative connotation, but in the case of bullying or an emergency situation, it does. In either scenario, a bystander is not helping in a time of crisis and this can have many negative outcomes. Many factors play a role in remainingRead MoreThe bystander effect Essay1223 Words à |à 5 Pagesdefinitive example of the bystander effect, the social phenomenon in which individuals are less likely to help someone in distress if there are other people present. The bystander effect occurs wherever there is a situation that is ambiguous, or where a lack of action can be rationalized by a diffusion of responsibility in a large group, or where the presence of others presents a significant risk to the bystander such that he or she is afraid to provide help. The bystander effect results from peopleRead MoreWhy Some People Fail to React or Act during an Emergency Situation1211 Words à |à 5 Pagesindividuals in an emergency situation tends to make people less likely to help a victim. This is known as the bystander effect. Having others around you makes you feel less responsibility and want to make the correct social decision. If a person were by himself or herself, this effect would not happen because they are not feeling judgment of those around and all the accountability is on them. The articles for this paper look at experiments conducted to test the bystander effect and how participantsRead MoreExploring a Classic Case in Social Psychology Essay1058 Words à |à 5 PagesPsychology Social psychology first examined the phenomena later termed ââ¬Å"bystander effectâ⬠in response to a 1964 murder. The murder of a young woman with as many as 38 witnesses and none who helped until it was too late. The bystander effect is individuals seeing an emergency situation but not helping. There are many reasons why individuals do not respond: diffusion of responsibility, not noticing or unsure if it is an emergency, and not wanting to be liable if the person still dies are a few. TheRead MoreThe Bystander Effect On Social Psychology1077 Words à |à 5 Pagesabout The Bystander Effect. John M.Darley and Bibb Latane research about the bystander effect based on the story of Kitty Genovese. Also known as individuals are less likely to help in a situation in the presence of others (Greitemeyer and Mugge, 201 p.116). When doing this literature research for the bystander effect, it discover that different types of emergency situations impact how individuals react. It was discovered that the main focus was on the idea of feeling responsible for a situation and actionsRead MoreThe Observation Of The Bystander Effect1079 Words à |à 5 Pagesabout The Bystander Effect. John M.Darley and Bibb Latane research about the bystander effect based on the story of Kitty Genovese. Also known as individuals are less likely to help in a situation in the presence of others (Greitemeyer and Mugge, 201 p.116). When doing this literature research for the bystander effect, it discove r that different types of emergency situations impact how individuals react. It was discovered that the main focus was on the idea of feeling responsible for a situation and actionsRead MoreThe Bystander Effect On Social Psychology1047 Words à |à 5 Pagesabout The Bystander Effect. John M.Darley and Bibb Latane research about the bystander effect based on the story of Kitty Genovese. Also known as individuals are less likely to help in a situation in the presence of others (Greitemeyer and Mugge, 201 p.116). When doing this literature research for the bystander effect, it discover that different types of emergency situations impact how individuals react. It was discover that the main focus was on the idea of feeling responsible for a situation and actions
Monday, December 16, 2019
Language Free Essays
It even seems that contrastive studies should rather be regarded as an approach, not as a branch of general linguistics. In teaching and learning English as second language, contrastive analysis is really helpful for both the teachers and the students, because we will know the differences and similarities between source language (Al ) and target language Therefore, it is easy for us to learn and adjust to the target engage. So that, we do not incorporate the system of our source language to the target language, because each language has distinct system. We will write a custom essay sample on Language or any similar topic only for you Order Now CA presents a successful theoretical and practical case for the value of CA as a research tool, both for those studying applied linguistics and for teachers needing to adjust their teaching to the state of knowledge of their students Contrastive analysis can help teachers to ; Design teaching and learning materials (methodology) Engage learner in activities to be a good user of target language. (classroom activities) Evaluate text books. Pay attention to the structure Of the texts beyond sentence level. Pay attention to conversation in its regular pattern in different situations. Pay attention to complex areas like intonation. How to cite Language, Papers Language Free Essays To have another language is to possess a second soul. â⬠said Charlemagne, which may sound like a clichà © but is actually very accurate. I believe that learning a language expands our life views and provides us some significant opportunities. We will write a custom essay sample on Language or any similar topic only for you Order Now Firstly, I strongly believe that the language we learn directly affects our way of thinking as we start to think in that particular language. For example Turkish is my mother tongue and I am learning English as a second language, so I know that there s not exact translation for most of the words from Turkish to English. In this situation if I think like a Turkish, I will probably be misunderstood and cannot state my ideas clearly. So I have to think like an American when I am speaking English to appropriately express my thoughts. This way I will have a different way of thinking of a different culture and I can get to know that culture better. I think this experience ives me a second identity, and this second identity diversifies the way I look at the things as well as my knowledge. In other words, I become a different person than I was before I learned that particular language. The other benefit of learning a second language is obviously being able to communicate with many people. Especially when a person is learning a widely spoken language like English or Spanish, it becomes a lot easier to get to know other people from different countries nd cultures. Additionally learning foreign languages provides huge benefits when it comes to the career, as it is a necessity to know foreign languages to apply for a Job or to work abroad. In conclusion learning a new language will expand our knowledge of the world as we have the mentality of a foreign culture while speaking that language and we gain a second identity with that experience. And of course new languages provide us to get to know more people and contribute to our success. How to cite Language, Papers
Sunday, December 8, 2019
This Is the Answer to Hr Questions free essay sample
Which step in developing a behaviorally anchored rating scale involves clustering critical incidents into a smaller set of performance dimensions? a. first b. second c. third d. fourth e. fifth 37. Which step in developing a behaviorally anchored rating scale involves clustering definitions and critical incidents, reassigning each incident to the cluster where it fits best and then determining the level of agreement among the group as to the allocation of incidents? a. first b. second c. third d. fourth e. fifth 38. All of the following are advantages of behaviorally anchored rating scales (BARS) except that they _____.a. are more accurate b. provide clearer standards c. are time consuming d. are reliable e. help explain performance appraisal ratings to appraisees 39. Management by objectives (MBO) refers to an appraisal method, which _____. a. is based on progress made toward the accomplishment of measurable goals b. combines the benefits of narratives, critical incidents, and quant ified scales by assigning scale points with specific examples of good or poor performance c. We will write a custom essay sample on This Is the Answer to Hr Questions or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page requires that the supervisor keep a log of positive and negative examples of a subordinateââ¬â¢s work-related behavior. Requires a supervisor to evaluate performance by assigning predetermined percentages of those being rated into performance categories e. involves listing all the subordinates to be rated, crossing out the names of any not known well enough to rank, indicating the employee who is the highest on each characteristic being measured and who is the lowest, and then alternating between the next highest and lowest until all employees have been ranked 40. Which of the following is a problem with using MBO? a. a tendency to set unclear objectives b. a tendency to set unmeasurable objectives c. it is time consumingd. tug of war between subordinate and manager regarding goals e. all of the above 41. Graphic rating scales are subject to all of the following problems except _____. a. unclear standards b. halo effects c. complexity d. central tendency e. leniency 42. When different supervisors define levels of performance (good, fair, poor) differently, unfair appraisals could result due to a probl em with _____. a. unclear standards b. halo effects c. complexity d. central tendency e. leniency 43. _____ is defined as the influence of a raterââ¬â¢s general impression on ratings of specific ratee qualities. a. Impression management b. Halo effect c. Central tendency d. Stereotyping e. Bias 44. Jason is generally considered unfriendly at work. His supervisor rates him low on the trait ââ¬Å"gets along well with othersâ⬠but also rates him lower on other traits unrelated to socialization at work. Jasonââ¬â¢s performance appraisal may be unfair due to _____. a. impression management b. bias c. stereotyping d. halo effects e. strictness 45. Some supervisors, when filling in rating scales, tend to avoid the highs and lows on the scale and rate most people in the middle. This _____ means that all employees may be rated average.a. halo effect b. stereotyping c. central tendency d. strictness e. leniency 46. The best way of reducing the problem of central tendency in performance appraisals is to _____. a. rank employees b. be aware of the problem c. train supervisors to avoid it d. impose a distribution for performance e. consider the purpose of the appraisal 47. The _____ problem occurs when supervisors tend to rate all their subordinates consistently high. a. central tendency b. leniency c. strictness d. bias e. halo effect 48. The _____ problem occurs when supervisors tend to rate all their subordinates consistently low.
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